{"id":48173,"date":"2024-05-29T12:30:00","date_gmt":"2024-05-29T17:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/?p=48173"},"modified":"2024-04-29T02:42:25","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T07:42:25","slug":"oom-killer-on-linux","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/oom-killer-on-linux\/","title":{"rendered":"What is the OOM Killer on Linux?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"bsf_rt_marker\"><\/div>\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" src=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/what-is-the-the-oom-killer-on-linux.webp\" alt=\"What is the OOM Killer on Linux?\" class=\"wp-image-48409\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/what-is-the-the-oom-killer-on-linux.webp 1024w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/what-is-the-the-oom-killer-on-linux-300x169.webp 300w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/what-is-the-the-oom-killer-on-linux-150x84.webp 150w, https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/05\/what-is-the-the-oom-killer-on-linux-768x432.webp 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tutorial is about the OOM killer and how it can impact our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/linux-vps-hosting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Linux operating system<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>OOM killer is a shortcut to Out of Memory Killer and is a Linux component designed to prevent RAM exhaustion. The OOM Killer has one task, and that task is to check if there is enough available memory, and if there is not, then select a process to kill to free up some RAM. The situations with exhausted memory occur because the Linux kernel has over-allocated too much for its processes. In the following paragraphs, we will talk about memory over-allocation, the lifecycle of the OOM killer, how it selects which process should be killed, the OOM killer messages, etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<!--more-->\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_66_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-transparent ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\">Table of Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6670099ab0193\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"ez-toc-cssicon\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6670099ab0193\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/oom-killer-on-linux\/#Over-Allocation-of-Memory\" title=\"Over Allocation of Memory\">Over Allocation of Memory<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/oom-killer-on-linux\/#The-OOM-Killer-invoking\" title=\"The OOM Killer invoking\">The OOM Killer invoking<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/oom-killer-on-linux\/#OOM-Killer-Log\" title=\"OOM Killer Log\">OOM Killer Log<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Over-Allocation-of-Memory\"><\/span>Over Allocation of Memory<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Every process on the system requests a block of memory from the kernel. The kernel allocates memory more than the process needs when it is starting. The kernel is aware of this scenario. However, it over-allocates the RAM. This means that if the system has 4 GB of RAM, the kernel might allocate 5GB for all running processes which is 1 GB more than the limit. Normally, at the beginning, all processes do not use the memory allocated in their blocks, but after some time, they may use all the memory. There is a moment when the system does not have enough physically available RAM and is not able to serve all processes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The-OOM-Killer-invoking\"><\/span>The OOM Killer invoking<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>In addition to the previous paragraph, we know that at this moment there is not enough RAM on the server. The next is the OOM killer to get invoked. It reviews all the running processes, but before selecting which process will be killed, there are a couple of steps that need to be verified:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If there is enough <b>swap space<\/b>, then we are not out of memory (OOM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If there are <b>more than 5 seconds<\/b> since the last failure, we are not out of memory (OOM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, if there are not <b>10 failures in the last 5 seconds<\/b>, then we are not out of memory (OOM).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If one of these conditions is the opposite, then we are out of memory, and the OOM killer is selecting which process should be killed. The selection is based on the <b>select_bad_process()<\/b> function. It decides by stepping through each running process and making a calculation of how suitable it is for killing the chosen process based on the function <b>badness()<\/b>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">badness_for_task = total_vm_for_task \/ (sqrt(cpu_time_in_seconds) * sqrt(sqrt(cpu_time_in_minutes)))<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The formula above can be explained in simple words: The badness task function selects the process that uses a lot of memory but has not been running for a long time. Long-running processes are most unlikely to cause memory shortage. Once this function selects the process, the OOM killer kills it immediately.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"OOM-Killer-Log\"><\/span>OOM Killer Log<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>When the website stops working, most probably some service stopped running. We need to find out which service that is, and what process may have been killed. To do that, we can execute the following command:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">cat \/var\/log\/messages | grep \"Killed\"<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>As an output, we can get a message similar to this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">Mar 02 14:04:48 host kernel: Out of Memory: Killed process 2574 (mysqld).<\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>This indicates that the OOM killer killed the MySQL process due to insufficient memory. That is why the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/mysql-hosting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">MySQL service<\/a> stopped working and caused our website to experience downtime. Killing the MySQL service often irreversibly corrupts the database system, and we may lose all data we store. There are a couple of steps that we may take to avoid these scenarios of killing the MySQL process by overcommitting memory. Keep in mind that this is not recommended. We need to simply upgrade the server so we can have more available resources.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That&#8217;s it. We explained a little bit more about the OOM killer and how it affects the server. Of course, you do not have to take care of that when your server is out of memory. Simply sign up for one of our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/nvme-hosting\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">NVMe VPS plans<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/about-us\/contact-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">submit a support ticket<\/a>. Our admins will help you with any aspect of memory consumption on your server. Feel free to contact us. We are available 24\/7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PS. If you liked this post about the OOM killer on Linux, please share it with your friends on social networks or simply leave a comment in the comments section. Thank you.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This tutorial is about the OOM killer and how it can impact our Linux operating system. OOM killer is a &#8230; <\/p>\n<p class=\"read-more-container\"><a title=\"What is the OOM Killer on Linux?\" class=\"read-more button\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/oom-killer-on-linux\/#more-48173\" aria-label=\"Read more about What is the OOM Killer on Linux?\">Read More<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":48409,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2071],"tags":[177,2145,2146],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>What is the OOM Killer on Linux? - RoseHosting<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn how to resolve the dreaded Linux Out of Memory using the OOM Killer command in Lunix.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.rosehosting.com\/blog\/oom-killer-on-linux\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"What is the OOM Killer on Linux? 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Helping other Linux admins with frequent Linux and business-related blog posts on the RoseHosting blog. Techie by choice. Loving nature and travel. 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